I-Floating Solar Photovoltaics (FSPV) bubuchwephesha apho iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla elanga zeSolar photovoltaic (PV) zixhonywe phezu kwamanzi, ngokuqhelekileyo asetyenziswa kumachibi, amadama, iilwandlekazi, kunye nezinye iindawo zamanzi. Njengoko imfuno yehlabathi yamandla acocekileyo iqhubeka nokukhula, i-solar edadayo ifumana ingqwalasela engakumbi njengendlela yokuvuselela amandla avuselelekayo. Oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo lwamathemba ophuhliso lwamandla elanga adadayo kunye neenzuzo zawo eziphambili:
1. Amathuba ophuhliso
a) Ukukhula kweMarike
Imarike yelanga edadayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi kwezinye iindawo apho izixhobo zomhlaba ziqinile, njengeAsia, iYurophu kunye ne-United States. Umthamo welanga ofakwe kwihlabathi jikelele kulindeleke ukuba unyuke kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo. Ngokutsho kophando lwemarike, imarike yehlabathi yamandla elanga adadayo kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwiibhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2027. I-China, iJapan, iSouth Korea, i-Indiya kunye namanye amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia amkela kwangoko obu bugcisa kwaye baqhube iiprojekthi ezininzi zokubonisa emanzini ahlukeneyo.
b) Inkqubela phambili kwezobuGcisa
Ngobuchule obuqhubekayo bezobuchwepheshe kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, iimodyuli zelanga ezidadayo zenzelwe ukuba zisebenze ngakumbi, kwaye iindleko zokufakela kunye nokugcinwa zincitshiswe ngokuqhubekayo. Uyilo lwamaqonga adadayo kumphezulu wamanzi nawo athande ukuhlukahluka, ukuphucula uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo. Ukongeza, iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zokugcina amandla kunye nobuchwepheshe begridi ehlakaniphile zinika amandla amakhulu kuphuhliso olongezelelweyo lwelanga elidadayo.
c) Inkxaso yoMgaqo-nkqubo
Amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla ibonelela ngenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo wophuhliso lwamandla ahlaziyekayo, ngakumbi kwiifom zamandla acocekileyo ezifana nomoya kunye nelanga. Amandla elanga adadayo, ngenxa yeenzuzo zawo ezizodwa, afumene ingqwalasela yoorhulumente kunye namashishini, kunye nenkxaso-mali ehambelanayo, inkuthazo kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo iyanda ngokuthe ngcembe, inika isiqinisekiso esinamandla sokuphuhliswa kobu buchwepheshe.
d) Izicelo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo
Amandla elanga ajikelezayo anokufakwa kwindawo yamanzi ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo enkulu yobutyebi bomhlaba, enika isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwimimandla enemithombo yomhlaba eqinile. Isenokudityaniswa nolawulo lobutyebi bamanzi (umzekelo, amadama kunye nokunkcenkceshela kwamadama) ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla nokukhuthaza inguqu kumandla ohlaza.
2. Uhlalutyo lweenzuzo
a) Ukugcina ubutyebi bomhlaba
Iipaneli zelanga zendalo ezisemhlabeni zifuna umthamo omkhulu wemithombo yomhlaba, ngelixa iinkqubo zelanga ezidadayo zingafakwa kumphezulu wamanzi ngaphandle kokuthatha izixhobo zomhlaba ezixabisekileyo. Ngokukodwa kwezinye iindawo ezinamanzi amakhulu, njengamachibi, amaqula, amachibi amdaka, njl.njl., amandla elanga adadayo anokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo le mimandla ngaphandle kokungqubana nokusetyenziswa komhlaba njengezolimo kunye nophuhliso lwedolophu.
b) Ukuphucula ukwenziwa kombane ngendlela eyiyo
Ukukhanya okubonakaliswe kumphezulu wamanzi kunokunyusa ubungakanani bokukhanya kunye nokwandisa amandla okuvelisa amandla eepaneli zePV. Ukongezelela, umphumo wokupholisa wendalo womhlaba wamanzi unokunceda imodyuli ye-PV igcine ukushisa okuphantsi, ukunciphisa ukuhla kwe-PV esebenzayo ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla kwenkqubo.
c) Nciphisa ukuphuphuma kwamanzi
Ummandla omkhulu weepaneli zelanga ezidadayo ezigquma umphezulu wamanzi unokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuphuphuma kwamanzi, okubaluleke ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinqongopheleyo zamanzi. Ngokukodwa kumadama okanye ukunkcenkceshela kwimihlaba, i-solar edadayo inceda ekugcineni amanzi.
d) Ukuncipha kokuchaphazeleka kokusingqongileyo
Ngokungafaniyo namandla elanga asemhlabeni, amandla elanga adadayo afakwe kumphezulu wamanzi abangela ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kwi-ikhosistim yomhlaba. Ngokukodwa emanzini angafanelekanga kwezinye iindlela zophuhliso, i-solar edadayo ayibangeli umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo.
e) Ukuguquguquka
Ilanga elidadayo linokudityaniswa nobunye ubugcisa bokuphucula usetyenziso olubanzi lwamandla. Umzekelo, inokudityaniswa namandla omoya osemanzini ukwenza iinkqubo zamandla engxubevange ezandisa uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kokuveliswa kwamandla. Ukongeza, kwezinye iimeko, amandla elanga adadayo kunye namanye amashishini, afana nokuloba okanye i-aquaculture, nayo inamandla amakhulu ophuhliso, okwenza "uqoqosho oluluhlaza" lweenzuzo ezininzi.
3. Imingeni kunye neengxaki
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezininzi zamandla elanga adadayo, ukukhula kwawo kusajongene nemingeni emininzi:
Itekhnoloji kunye neendleko: Nangona iindleko zamandla elanga ezidadayo zisehla kancinci kancinci, zisephezulu kunenkqubo yamandla elanga ehlala emhlabeni, ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Olunye ulutsha lweteknoloji luyafuneka ukunciphisa iindleko zokwakha kunye nokugcinwa kwamaqonga adadayo.
Ukulungelelaniswa kokusingqongileyo: Ukuzinza kwexesha elide leenkqubo zelanga ezidadayo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi, ngokukodwa ukujamelana nemingeni yezinto zendalo ezifana nemozulu embi, amaza kunye neqhwa.
Iingxabano zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi: Kwamanye amanzi, ukwakhiwa kweenkqubo zelanga ezidadayo kunokungqubuzana neminye imisebenzi yamanzi efana nokuthutha kunye nokuloba, kwaye ngumbuzo wendlela yokucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokulungelelanisa iimfuno zomdla ohlukeneyo.
Shwankathela
Amandla elanga adadayo, njengendlela entsha yamandla ahlaziyekayo, anamandla amakhulu ophuhliso, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobutyebi bomhlaba obungqongqo kunye neemeko zemozulu ezivumayo. Ngenkqubela yetekhnoloji, inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo, i-solar edadayo iya kuzisa amathuba amakhulu ophuhliso kwiminyaka ezayo. Kwinkqubo yokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kohlaza lwamandla, amandla elanga adadayo aya kwenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kulwahlulo lwesakhiwo samandla ehlabathi kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-24-2025