Ngokukhula kwemfuno yehlabathi yamandla avuselelekayo, iteknoloji ye-photovoltaic (ilanga) isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yamandla acocekileyo. Kwaye indlela yokuphucula ukusebenza kweenkqubo ze-PV zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngexesha lokufakela kwabo kube ngumcimbi obalulekileyo kubaphandi kunye neenjineli. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lucebise iengile zokuthambeka ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuphakama kokuphakama kweenkqubo zePV eziphezu kophahla, zibonelela ngeembono ezintsha zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla ePV.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kweenkqubo zePV
Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yophahla lwePV kuchatshazelwa liqela lezinto, ezona zibaluleke kakhulu ezibandakanya i-angle yemitha yelanga, ubushushu be-ambient, i-angle yokunyuka, kunye nokuphakama. Iimeko zokukhanya kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nesakhiwo sophahla zonke zichaphazela umphumo wokuvelisa amandla kwiipaneli zePV. Phakathi kwezi zinto, i-angle ye-tilt kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu kweepaneli ze-PV zizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukwamkela kwabo ukukhanya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu.
IEngile yokutyekela eNgcono
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba eyona angle yokuthambeka kwenkqubo ye-PV ayixhomekanga kuphela kwindawo yejografi kunye nokwahluka kwamaxesha onyaka, kodwa ikwanxulumene ngokusondeleyo neemeko zemozulu yendawo. Ngokubanzi, i-angle ethambekileyo yeepaneli ze-PV kufuneka isondele kwi-latitude yendawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwamkelwa okuphezulu kwamandla akhanyayo avela elangeni. Eyona engile yokuthambeka iqhelekile inokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokwexesha lonyaka ukuze ihambelane nee-engile zokukhanya zonyaka ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuphucula ehlotyeni nasebusika:
1. Ehlotyeni, xa ilanga likufuphi ne-zenith, i-angle ethambekileyo yeepaneli ze-PV inokuthotywa ngokufanelekileyo ukuze ibambe ngcono ukukhanya kwelanga okuthe ngqo.
2. Ebusika, i-angle yelanga iphantsi, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo ukwandisa i-angle ye-tilt iqinisekisa ukuba iipaneli ze-PV zifumana ukukhanya kwelanga ngakumbi.
Ukongeza, kufunyaniswe ukuba uyilo lwe-engile esisigxina (edla ngokumiselwa kufutshane ne-engile yesibanzi) ikwayindlela esebenza kakhulu kwezinye iimeko kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, njengoko iyenza lula inkqubo yofakelo kwaye isabonelela ngokuzinzileyo kokuveliswa kwamandla phantsi kweemeko ezininzi zemozulu.
Ubude obufanelekileyo boMphezulu
Kuyilo lwenkqubo ye-PV ephahleni, ukuphakama okuphezulu kweepaneli zePV (oko kukuthi, umgama phakathi kweepaneli zePV kunye nophahla) yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukusebenza kwayo kokuvelisa amandla. Ukuphakama okufanelekileyo kwandisa umoya weepaneli zePV kunye nokunciphisa ukuqokelelwa kobushushu, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwe-thermal yenkqubo. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba xa umgama phakathi kweepaneli ze-PV kunye nophahla lwanda, inkqubo iyakwazi ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwaye ngaloo ndlela iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle.
Impembelelo yokungenisa umoya:
3. Xa kungabikho ukuphakama okwaneleyo, iipaneli ze-PV zinokuhlupheka ngenxa yokunciphisa ukusebenza ngenxa yokwakhiwa kobushushu. Amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo aya kunciphisa uguqulo olusebenzayo lweepaneli ze-PV kwaye anokuthi anciphise ubomi babo benkonzo.
4. Ukunyuka kokuphakama kwe-stand-off kunceda ukuphucula ukujikeleza komoya phantsi kweepaneli zePV, ukunciphisa ubushushu benkqubo kunye nokugcina iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza.
Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kobude obuphezulu kuthetha iindleko eziphezulu zokwakha kunye neemfuno ezininzi zendawo. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha ukuphakama kwe-overhead efanelekileyo kufuneka kulinganiswe ngokuhambelana neemeko zemozulu zendawo kunye noyilo oluthile lwenkqubo ye-PV.
Iimvavanyo kunye noHlalutyo lweDatha
Uphononongo lwakutsha nje luchonge ezinye izisombululo zoyilo eziphuculweyo ngokuzama ngemidibaniso eyahlukeneyo yee-engile zophahla kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu. Ngokulinganisa kunye nokuhlalutya idatha yokwenyani evela kwimimandla emininzi, abaphandi baqukumbela:
5. i-angle ye-tilt echanekileyo: ngokubanzi, i-angle ye-tilt echanekileyo ye-PV system yophahla ingaphakathi koluhlu lwe-plus okanye thabatha i-15 degrees ye-latitude yendawo. Uhlengahlengiso oluthile luphuculwa ngokotshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka.
6. ubude obona buphezulu: kwiinkqubo ezininzi zophahla lwePV, ubude obuphezulu buphakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-20 yeesentimitha. Umphakamo ophantsi kakhulu unokukhokelela ekwandeni kobushushu, ngelixa ukuphakama okuphezulu kunokonyusa iindleko zofakelo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe belanga, indlela yokwandisa amandla okuvelisa amandla kwiinkqubo ze-PV ibe ngumba obalulekileyo. Elona nqanaba lifanelekileyo lokuthambeka kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu kweenkqubo zePV zophahla ezicetywayo kuphononongo olutsha zibonelela ngezisombululo zethiyori ezinceda ekuphuculeni ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zePV. Kwixesha elizayo, ngophuhliso loyilo olukrelekrele kunye nethekhnoloji yedatha enkulu, kulindeleke ukuba sibe nakho ukufezekisa usetyenziso lwamandla ePV olusebenzayo nolunoqoqosho ngoyilo oluchanekileyo kunye nolomntu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-13-2025